Today we are talking about 12 months name in English i.e. 12 months in the time of Rigveda. We will also discuss what were the names and on what basis they were named by the time of Vedic times, as well as understand the method of naming the days and how the names of ancient months merged with time and Today we will also discuss why we only know the names of the modern month.
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| 12 months name in English |
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12 months mentioned in Indian texts
12 Months Name In The description of the names of the seasons and months is given in the Taittiriya Samhita :——
"Madhu and Madhava cover the spring, Shuka and Shuchi cover the summer, Nabha and Nabhasya cover the rainy season Isha and Chorja and Sharadavritu and Saha and Sahasya They covered the winter and the austerities and the winter".
Meaning : There are two months of spring, Madhu and Madhava; There are two months of summer, Shuka and Shuchi; There are two months of rain, Nabha and Nabhasya; Sharad has two months, Saha and Sahasya; There are two months of Shishir, Tapas and Tapasya.
In addition to the twelve months mentioned above, the 13th month is also described in the Vajasaneyi Samhita. According to the Vajasaneyi Samhita, the 13th month was the month of Clove, which was called by the people of that time by the name of Ahansapati .
"Svaha to the honey Svaha to the honey Svaha to the parrot Svaha to the pure Svaha to the sky Svaha to the sky Svaha to the horse Svaha to the sudden Svaha to the thousand Svaha to the austerity Svaha to the austerity Svaha to the husband of the laughter".
Meaning – Swaha for Madhu, Swaha for Madhava, Swaha for Shuka, Swaha for Shuchi, Swaha for Nabha, Swaha for Nabhasya, Swaha for Isha, Swaha for energy, Swaha for Saha, for Sahasya svaha, svaha for tapas, svaha for austerity, svaha for ahansapati (husband of sin or malamas).
The names of the months that you saw above were similar in Taittiriya Samhita and Vajasaneyi Samhita, that is, they were the same name. But in the Taittiriya Brahmana the names of the months are found separately, which are as follows:--
"Aruna, Runaraja, Pundarika, Visvajit and Abhijit. Wet, drinking, fresh, juicy, and juicy. Savaunshadhah sambharon mahasvan".
Meaning — The 13 names of the months are:— 1) Arun, 2) Arunaraja, 3) Pundarika, 4) Visvajit, 5) Abhijit, 6) Ardra, 7) Pinvamana, 8) Unnavan, 9) Rasavan, 10) Iravan, 11) Savaunshadha, 12) Sambhar, 13) Mahasvan.
From the mention of the names of the months in the above mentioned religious texts, it is known that the earliest man used to keep the accounts of the months to measure the time. After the above proof, even the slightest doubt remains in the mind of modern man; In addition to the good months, the ancient man also kept an accurate account of the days. Because, the description of having 360 days in a year is something like this in Aitareya Brahmana :-
"There are three hundred and sixty days in a year and seven hundred and twenty days and nights in a year".
Meaning : There is a year of three hundred and sixty days; There are seven hundred and twenty days and nights in a year.
In Tandaya Brahmana also a sentence is given in the context of keeping the number of days in the year correct; Which sounds interesting-
"Just as Driti is overwhelmed, so is the year released".
Meaning: If one day is not spared, then the year will blossom like a leather skin.
Division of the Year
In astrology, the year is divided into two equal parts. One part is called Uttarayan and the other part is called Dakshinayana. Uttarayan was called when the Sun kept going north with respect to the earth for 6 months and Dakshinayana was that in which the sunrise point was south from the east point. In this context it is written in the Taittiriya Samhita—
"Therefore the sun is six months in the south and the six months in the north".
That is, the Sun remains in Dakshinayana for 6 months and Uttarayan for 6 months.
Modern names of months
The names of the months were Nabha, Nabhasya etc. in the Taittiriya Samhita. You have got the proof of this, but the names of these ancient months changed over time and the new names of the months were based on the constellations. For example, the month of Chaitra, which is called the month of Chait in the countryside. Similarly, the names of all the months were also based on the constellations.
Because in their contemporary texts like Taittiriya Samhita, Brahman texts etc., there is no description of the names of new months like Chaitra-Phalgun etc. These names appear in the literature for a long time. Then the principle of naming the months is described in the Amarakosha-Kaalvarga as follows--
"Where the full moon is in the month of Paushi with Pushya That month by name is Pausha and Madhagha is also under the control of the other".
That is, the month is called Paush month in which the full moon is in Pushya constellation, similarly the names of the remaining 11 months are also known as Magha etc.
According to the rule given in Surya-siddhanta-
"The months are known by the names of the constellations by the combination of the ends of the mountains"
Meaning: The names of the months are named after the constellation in which the moon resides at the end of the full moon.
The time for these changed names is very long. Because, Taittiriya Samhita is 3000 years old book after the birth of Christ. The Brahmana is the later text of the Taittiriya Samhita. But the names of the new months are not mentioned in any of these texts. But the names of these changed months have definitely been described in Vedanga Jyotish, which is probably a text of 1200 BC. It can be estimated that the change in the names of the months must have happened around 2000 BC.
Vedic period
The week did not have any significance in the Vedic period or the very ancient times. Nor were the names of Sunday, Monday etc. prevalent. These names are based on planets and there is no mention of these names in Vedas, Brahmanas, Samhitas etc. During that period the Paksha and its sub-divisions used to run. The parties were two in a month. They are mentioned in many places. The names of the sub-divisions of Paksha in Taittiriya Brahmana are as follows:-
"Cognition is knowledge, and darsha is seen. These two Anuvakas name the days and nights of the former fortnight. They are presented and praised by their daughters. These are the names of the Ahotras of the second side of the Anuvaka".
Meaning-- Cognition, science, reflecting, seeing, these are the names of the ahoratra (day night) of the former side two by two. Present, Vishut, Sut, Asunvat are the names of the Ahoratra of the upper side, two by two.
conclusion
We are human beings; Tell us one of our strengths or weaknesses is that we are curious. We are always curious about some or the other subject. It is the result of curiosity that compelled you to read this article till here.The same curiosity was there in ancient man also. The knowledge that is presented to us today has originated due to the curiosity of ancient man.
With the passage of time, man has expanded that knowledge and has also tried to make the knowledge more accurate, impeccable. Now it is not that this action has disappeared in the present. As long as it will work continuously as long as there is existence of man on this earth. Even today we keep searching for new knowledge. What happened after all? How did it happen? In any context: There is only scholarly opinion on this. Now whose opinion is mostly met on the test of the parameters, that same opinion is worthy to be accepted by the society and proved to be true.
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